Skepsis

哲学思辨论坛  ·  Philosophy Society

第 I 期
Vol. I  ·  第一期 大主题  —  Self-Identification & Cross-Cultural Identity

我是谁?——自我认同的根基与边界

Who Am I?  The Foundation and Limits of Identity

I Topic 1
Charles Taylor
The Modern Identity & the Buffered Self
"The horizon of identity is an inner horizon. So the modern man must be to this degree autonomous, that he can find himself; and autonomy for this end requires privacy. For it is not a matter of matching a cosmic pattern, but of answering my inner needs and desires."

  • 人是"自我诠释的动物",必须依靠某种"善"的框架来回答"我是谁"
  • 前现代认同的基石是宇宙秩序(上帝、自然、阶层);经历"大脱嵌"与"祛魅"后,外部框架失去了定义自我的权威,人变成了"缓冲的自我"
  • "内在自我"成为确定性与真实性的新基石,且是独一无二的
  • 现代认同的起点必然是内在自我
II Topic 2
W. E. B. Du Bois
Double Consciousness & the Split Self
"One ever feels his two-ness — an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body."

  • "双重意识":通过他者的眼光审视自身,自我认同因此产生内在的分裂与张力
  • 文化与种族结构性地塑造了个体的自我感知,认同不仅是内在选择,也是外部强加的标签
  • 跨文化处境中,人必须同时驾驭两套甚至多套身份系统——这既是负担,也可成为视角优势
  • Du Bois 的框架挑战了 Taylor 式"纯内在自我"的可能性:自我从未只属于自己
III Topic 3
Heidegger & Hofstede
Dasein, das Man & Cultural Dimensions
"Dasein is an entity which does not just occur among other entities. Rather it is ontically distinguished by the fact that, in its very Being, that Being is an issue for it."

  • 海德格尔:Dasein(此在)的存在就是其"向来我属";"常人"(das Man)则是将自我消融于公众平均性的存在方式,真实性要求从常人中脱离出来
  • 霍夫斯泰德文化维度:个人主义文化强调独立自我,集体主义文化以群体身份定义自我
  • 跨文化交流时,人会根据不同文化环境调整自我认知与身份定位
  • 文化维度与海德格尔的"常人"形成呼应:我们如何辨别"文化的我"与"本真的我"?

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