Skepsis

哲学思辨论坛  ·  Philosophy Society

第 I 期
Vol. I  ·  第一期 Self-Identification & Cross-Cultural Identity

The horizon of identity— From authenticity to double consciousness

I Topic 1
Charles Taylor
The Modern Identity & the Inner Self
"The horizon of identity is an inner horizon. So the modern man must be to this degree autonomous, that he can find himself; and autonomy for this end requires privacy. For it is not a matter of matching a cosmic pattern, but of answering my inner needs and desires."
  • 1.Human beings are "self-interpreting animals" who define themselves through a framework of meaning and value.
  • 2.In premodern society, identity was grounded in an external cosmic order — God, nature, and social hierarchy. With disenchantment and disembedding, these external structures gradually lost their authority, and the self became "buffered."
  • 3.As a result, the inner self became the new source of certainty and authenticity — and each self came to be seen as unique.
  • 4.Therefore, modern identity necessarily turns inward: the self is no longer defined by conformity to a cosmic order, but by fidelity to one's inner needs and desires.
II Topic 2
Du Bois & Hofstede
Split Self-Identification Through Culture
"Double-consciousness is a concept referring to a source of inward twoness experienced by African-Americans because of their racialized oppression and disvaluation in a white-dominated society."
W. E. B. Du Bois
  • 1.Under racial oppression in a white-dominated society, African Americans develop a "double consciousness" — a divided sense of self perceived simultaneously through their own identity and through the gaze of the dominant society.
  • 2.This socio-historic condition profoundly shapes both the consciousness and the inner world of those subject to it.
Geert Hofstede
  • 1.Culture functions as a "collective programming of the mind" that shapes how members of a society perceive and respond to the world.
  • 2.In individualistic cultures, identity is built on personal traits, goals, and achievements. In collectivist cultures, the self is shaped through social relationships and group membership.
  • 3.Therefore, exposure to different cultural environments can challenge individuals' assumptions about themselves and their social roles.
III Topic 3
Martin Heidegger
Dasein, Das Man & Authenticity
"Dasein is an entity which does not just occur among other entities. Rather it is ontically distinguished by the fact that, in its very Being, that Being is an issue for it."
  • 1.Heidegger argues that the default mode of human existence is inauthentic living — we seek distraction and escape rather than facing our own being (e.g. avoiding the confrontation with death).
  • 2.Dasein (existence): not "human" in a biological or anthropological sense, but the entity that can inquire into the meaning of its own being.
  • 3.Das Man (the They): the conformity to social scripts of inauthenticity — living as "one does," absorbed into the average public, rather than owning one's existence.
  • 4.Dasein's being is "at stake" in three ways: it can take on varied social roles; it can exist either authentically or inauthentically; it can even choose not to be at all.
  • 5.To be a Dasein means: I always understand myself, at some level, through the contingency of my current existence.
点击选择图片
0 / 800 提交后需经审核方可公开显示

论点 & 回应

正在加载论点…